Publications
2010
- Lomáscolo, S. B., D. J.
Levey, R. T. Kimball, and B. M. Bolker.
Dispersers shape fruit diversity
in the genus Ficus (Moraceae). Proceedings
of the National
Academy of
Sciences. [pdf]
- Faaborg, J., A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K. M. Duggger, S. A.
Gauthreaux, P. Heglund, K. A. Hobson, R. T. Holmes, A. E. Jahn, D. H.
Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J. Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E.
Nol, S. I. Rothstein, T. S. Sillett, T. W. Sherry, F. R. Thompson III,
and N. Warnock. Managing migratory birds in the New World: Do we
know enough? Ecological
Applications [pdf]
- Faaborg, J., R. T. Holmes, A. D. Anders, K. L. Bildstein, K. M.
Duggger, S. A.
Gauthreaux, K. A. Hobson, A. E. Jahn, D. H.
Johnson, S. C. Latta, D. J. Levey, P. P. Marra, C. L. Merkord, E.
Nol,
S. I. Rothstein, T. S. Sillett, T. W. Sherry, F. R. Thompson III, and
N. Warnock. Recent advances in understanding New World bird
migration systems. Ecological
Monographs [pdf]
- Jahn,
A. E., D. J. Levey, A. M. Mamani, M. Saldias, A. Alcoba, M. J. Ledezma, B.
Flores, J. Q. Vidoz, and F. Hilarion.
Seasonal differences in rainfall, food availability, and the foraging
behavior of Tropical Kingbirds in the southern Amazon Basin. Journal
of Field Ornithology 81:340-348. [pdf]
- Jahn,
A. E., D. J. Levey, J. A. Hostettler, and A. M. Mamani. Determinants of partial bird migration in the
Amazon Basin. Journal of Animal Ecology 79:983-992. [pdf] Click here for "In Focus" article about this study by C.Skercioglu.
- Jahn,
A. E., D. J. Levey, I. P. Farias, A. M. Mamani, J. Q. Vidoz, and B.
Freeman. Morphological and genetic
variation between migratory and non-migratory Tropical Kingbirds during spring
migration in Central South America. Wilson Journal of Ornithology
122:236-243. [pdf]
- Jahn,
A. E., J. P. Ledezme, A. M. Mamani, L. W. DeGroote, and D. J. Levey. Seasonal home range size of Tropical
Kingbirds (Tyrannus melancholicus) in
the Southern Amazon Basin. Ornitologia Neotropical 21:39-46
2009
- Brudvig, L. A., E. I. Damschen, J. J. Tewksbury, N. M. Haddad,
and D. J. Levey. Corridors promote biodiversity through
spillover. Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences. 106:9328-9332.
[pdf]
- Levey, D. J., G. A.
Londoño, J. Ungvari-Martin, M. R. Hiersoux, J. E.
Jankowski, J. R. Poulsen, C. M. Stracey, and S. K. Robinson. Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify
individual humans. Proceedings
of the National
Academy of
Sciences. 106:8959-8962. [pdf]
- Haddad, N. M., B.
Hudgens, E. I. Damschen, D. J. Levey, J. L. Orrock, J. J. Tewksbury,
and A. J.
Weldon. (In press.) Putting in
perspective the positive and negative effects of corridors. In:
Liu, J., V. Hull, A. Morzillo, and J.
Wiens
(eds) “Sources, sinks and sustainability across landscapes” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
2008
- Tewksbury, J. J., D. J. Levey, M. Huizinga, D. C. Haak, and A.
Traveset. Costs and benefits of capsaicin-mediated control of gut
retention in dispersers of wild chilies. Ecology
89:1077-117 . [pdf]
- Tewksbury, J. J., K. M. Reagan, N. J. Machnicki, T. Carlo, D. C.
Haak, A. L. Calderon-Peñaloza,
and D. J. Levey. Evolutionary ecology of pungency in wild
chilies. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences. 105:1180-11811.
[pdf]
- Damschen, E. I., L. A. Brudvig, N. M. Haddad, D. J. Levey, J. L.
Orrock, and J. J. Tewksbury. The movement ecology and
dynamics of plant communities in fragmented landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences. 105:19078-19083. [pdf]
- Londoño,
G. A., D. J. Levey, and S. K. Robinson. Effects of temperature
and food on incubation behaviour of the Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). Animal Behaviour. 76:669-67. [pdf]
- Levey,
D. J., J. J. Tewksbury, and B. M. Bolker. Modeling and measuring
long-distance dispersal in a landscape context. Journal of Ecology 96:599-608.
[pdf]
2007
- Clark, C. J., J. R. Poulsen, D. J. Levey, and C. W.
Osenberg. Are plant populations seed limited? A
meta-analysis and critique of seed addition experiments. American
Naturalist 170:128-142. [pdf]
- Poulsen, J. R., C. J. Clark, C. W. Osenberg, D. J. Levey and B.
M. Bolker. Plants as reef fish: Fitting the functional response
form of seedling recruitment. American Naturalist (in
press) [pdf]
- Greenberg, C. H., D. J. Levey, and D. L. Loftis. Fruit
production in mature and recently regenerated upland and cove
hardwood forests of the southern appalachians. Journal
of Wildlife Management. 71:321-335. [pdf]
- McCoy, M.W., K. A. McCoy, and D. J. Levey. Teaching
biodiversity to students in inner-city and under-resourced
schools. American Biology Teacher. (in
press) [pdf]
- Levey, D. J., J. J. Tewksbury, I. Izhaki, E. Tsahar, and D. C.
Haak. Why fruit secondary compounds are of primary
importance. Pages 37-58. In: A. Dennis, E. W.
Schupp, R. J.
Green, and D. W. Westcott (eds). Seed dispersal: theory and
its application in a changing world. CAB International
Publishing. Wallingford, U.K. (not allowed to post this --
email me for a reprint)
- Kwit, C., S. A. Turner, D. J. Levey, J. R. Poulsen, and C. J.
Clark. Out of one shadow and into another: Causes and
consequences of spatially contagious seed dispersal by
frugivores. In: A. Dennis, E. W. Schupp, R.
J. Green, and D. W. Westcott (eds). Seed dispersal: theory
and its application in a changing world. CAB International
Publishing. Wallingford, U.K. (not allowed to
post this -- email me for a reprint)
2006
- Tewksbury, J. J., C. Manchego, D. Haak, and D. J. Levey.
Where did the chili get its spice? Biogeography of capsaicinoid
production in ancestral wild chili species. Journal of
Chemical Ecology 32:547-564. [pdf]
- Jahn, A. E., D. J. Levey, J. E. Johnson, A. M. Mamani, and S. E.
Davis. Hacia una interpretación mecánica de la
migración de aves en Sudamérica. (Towards a
mechanistic interpretation of bird migration in South America) El
Hornero. 21:99-108 (Invited review) [pdf]
- Levey, D. J., J. J. Tewksbury, M. L. Cipollini, and T. A.
Carlo. A field test of the directed deterrence hypothesis in two
species of wild chilies. Oecologia
150:61-69.
[pdf]
- Damschen, E. I., N. M. Haddad, J. L. Orrock, J. J. Tewksbury, and
D. J. Levey. Corridors increase plant species richness at large
scales. Science. 313: 1284-1286. [pdf]
- Schaefer, H. M., D. J. Levey, V. Schaefer, and M. L. Avery.
The role of chromatic and achromatic signals for fruit detection by
birds. Behavioral Ecology
17:784-789.
[pdf]
- Orrock, J. L., D. J. Levey, B. J. Danielson, E. I.
Damschen. Seed predation, not seed dispersal, explains the
landscape-scale abundance of an early successional species. Journal
of Ecology. 94:838-845. [pdf]
2005
- Levey, D. J., B. M. Bolker, J. J. Tewksbury, S. Sargent, and N.
M. Haddad. Effects of landscape corridors on seed dispersal by
birds. Science 309:146-148. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J., B. M. Bolker, J. J. Tewksbury, S. Sargent, and N.
M. Haddad. Landscape corridors: Possible dangers?
(response) Science 310:779-781. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J., M. W. McCoy, K. A. McCoy, and S. J. Brooks.
Adding SPICE to science. Science Scope
28:30-32. [pdf]
- Townsend, P. A. and D. J. Levey. An experimental test of
whether
corridors affect pollen transfer. Ecology 86:466-475.
[pdf]
- Samuels, I. and D. J. Levey. Effects of gut passage on seed
germination. Do experiments answer the questions they ask? Functional
Ecology 19:365-368. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. Adaptations to two worlds. In
Birds of Two Worlds: The Ecology and Evolution of Migration.
R. Greenberg and P. P. Marra, eds. Johns Hopkins University
Press. Baltimore, MD [pdf]
- Fried, J. H., D. J. Levey, and J. A. Hogsette. Habitat
corridors function as both drift fences and movement corridors for
dispersing flies. Oecologia 143:645-651. [pdf]
2004
- Levey, D. J., R. S. Duncan, and C. J. Levins. Use of dung
as a tool by burrowing owls. Nature 431:39.
[pdf]
- Levey, D. J. The evolutionary ecology of ethanol production
and alcoholism. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44:284-289.
[pdf]
- Schaefer, H. M, V. Schaefer, and D. J. Levey. How
plant-animal interactions signal new insights in communication. Trends
in Ecology and Evolution 19:577-584 (featured on cover).
[pdf]
- Andresen, E. and D. J. Levey. Effects of dung and seed size
on secondary dispersal, seed predation, and seedling establishment of
rain forest trees. Oecologia 139:45-54.
[pdf]
- Kwit, C., D. J. Levey, C. H. Greenberg, S. F. Pearson, J. P.
McCarty, and S. Sargent. Cold temperature increases winter fruit
removal rate of a bird-dispersed shrub. Oecologia
139:30-34. [pdf]
- Kwit, C, D. J. Levey, and C. H. Greenberg. Contagious seed
dispersal beneath heterospecific fruiting trees and its
consequences. Oikos 107:303-308.
[pdf]
- Jahn, A. E., D. J. Levey, and K. G. Smith. Reflections
across hemispheres: Austral migration is key to a system-wide approach
to New World bird migration. Auk 121:1005-1013
(Invited review). [pdf]
- Kwit, C., D. J. Levey, C. H. Greenberg, S. F. Pearson, J. P.
McCarty, S. Sargent, and R. L. Mumme. Fruit abundance and local
distribution of wintering Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus)
and Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata) in South
Carolina. Auk 121:46-57 [pdf]
- Borgmann, K. L., S. F. Pearson, D. J. Levey, and C. H.
Greenberg. Wintering Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica
coronata) track manipulated abundance of Myrica cerifera
fruits. Auk 121:74-87. [pdf]
2003
- Izhaki, I., D. J. Levey, and W. R. Silva. Effects of
prescribed fire on an ant community in Florida pine savanna. Ecological
Entomology 28:439-448. [pdf]
- Haddad, N., D. R. Bowne, A. Cunningham, B. Danielson, D. J.
Levey, and S. Sargent. Corridor use by diverse taxa. Ecology
84:609-615. [pdf]
- Pearson, S. F., D. J. Levey, C. H. Greenberg, and C.
Martínez del Rio. Effects of elemental composition on the
incorporation of dietary nitrogen and carbon isotopic signatures in an
omnivorous songbird. Oecologia
135:516-523
[pdf]
- Orrock, J. L., B. J. Danielson, M. J. Burns, and D. J.
Levey. Spatial ecology of predator-prey interactions: corridors
and patch shape influence seed predation. Ecology
84:2589-2599 (featured on cover). [pdf]
- Moegenburg, S. M. and D. J. Levey. Are fruit and frugivore
abundances linked? An experimental study of short-term
responses. Ecology 84:2600-2612. [pdf]
2002
- Tewksbury, J. J., D. J. Levey, N. M. Haddad, S. Sargent, J. L.
Orrock, A. Weldon, B. J. Danielson, J. Brinkerhoff, E. I. Damschen, and
P. Townsend. Corridors affect plants, animals, and their
interactions in fragmented landscapes. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences 99:12923-12926.
(Winner of " Outstanding Paper in Landscape Ecology Award";
International Association of Landscape Ecologists) [pdf]
- Greenberg, C. H., L. M. Smith, and D. J. Levey. Fruit fate,
seed germination and growth of an invasive vine, Celastrus
orbiculatus: An experimental test of the "sit and wait"
strategy. Biological Invasions3:363-372.
[pdf]
- Kilgo, J. C., D. L. Gartner, B. R. Chapman, J. B. Dunning, Jr.,
K. E., Franzreb, S. A. Gauthreaux, C. Greenberg, D. J. Levey, K. V.
Miller, S. F. Pearson. A test of an expert-based bird
habitat relationship model in South Carolina. Wildlife
Society Bulletin 30:783-793. [pdf]
- Moegenburg, S. M. and D. J. Levey. Prospects for conserving
biodiversity in Amazonian extractive reserves. Ecology
Letters 5:320-325. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti. (eds) Seed
dispersal and frugivory: Ecology, evolution, and conservation.
CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. [pdf]
- Restrepo, C., S. Sargent, D. J. Levey, and D. M. Watson.
The role
of vertebrates in diversification of New World mistletoes. Pages
83-98. In: Levey, D. J., W. R. Silva, and M. Galetti. (eds) Seed
dispersal and frugivory: Ecology, evolution, and conservation.
CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. [pdf]
- McCarty, J. P., D. J. Levey, C. H. Greenberg, and S.
Sargent. Spatial and temporal variation in fruit use by wildlife
in a forested landscape. Forest Ecology and Management
164:277-291. [pdf]
2001
- Levey, D. J. and C. Martínez del Rio. It takes guts
(and more) to eat fruit: Lessons from avian nutritional ecology. Auk
118:819-831. (Invited review) [pdf]
- Pryor, G. S., D. J. Levey, and E. S. Dierenfeld. Protein
requirements of a specialized frugivore, Pesquet's Parrot (Psittrichas
fulgidus). Auk 118:1080-1088. [pdf]
2000
- Levey, D. J. and S. Sargent. A simple method for tracking
vertebrate-dispersed seeds. Ecology
81:267-274
[pdf]
- Levey, D. J., H. A. Bissell, and S. F. O’Keefe. Conversion
of nitrogen to protein in wild fruits. Journal of
Chemical Ecology 26:1749-1763. [pdf]
- Romañach, S. S. and D. J. Levey. An experimental
test of the predator satiation hypothesis: At what level might it
apply? Florida Scientist 63:1-9.
[pdf]
1999
- Levey, D. J. and C. W. Benkman. Fruit-seed disperser
interactions: Timely insights from a long-term perspective. Trends
in Ecology and Evolution 14: 41-44. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and M. L. Cipollini. Effects of plant
secondary metabolites on diet choice and digestion. Journal of
African Ornithology 69:2208-2220.
- Levey, D. J., A. R. Place, P. J. Rey, and C. Martínez del
Rio. An experimental test of dietary enzyme modulation in Pine
Warblers (Dendroica pinus). Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 72:576-587. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and C. Martínez del Rio. Test,
rejection, and reformulation of a chemical reactor-based model of gut
function in a fruit-eating bird. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 72:369-383. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. Foraging ovenbird follows armadillo. Wilson
Bulletin 111:443-444. [pdf]
1998
- Cipollini, M. L. and D. J. Levey. Secondary metabolites as
traits of ripe fleshy fruits: A response to Eriksson and Ehrlen. American
Naturalist 152:908-912. [pdf]
- Wenny, D. G., and D. J. Levey. Directed dispersal by
Bellbirds. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 95:6204-6207. [pdf]
- Chesser, R. T. and D. J. Levey. Diet, habitat, and
migration revisited: Austral migrants and the evolution of migration in
New World birds. American Naturalist 152:311-319.
[pdf]
- Wahaj, S. A., D. J. Levey, A. K. Sanders, and M. L.
Cipollini. Control of gut retention time by secondary metabolites
in ripe Solanum fruits. Ecology
79:2309-2319. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and M. L. Cipollini. A glycoalkaloid in ripe
fruit deters consumption by Cedar Waxwings. Auk
115:359-367. [pdf]
1997
- Cipollini, M. L. and D. J. Levey. Secondary metabolites of
fleshy vertebrate-dispersed fruits: adaptive hypotheses and
implications for seed dispersal. American Naturalist
150:346-372. [pdf]
- Cipollini, M. L. and D. J. Levey. Why are some fruits
toxic? Glycoalkaloids in Solanum and fruit choice by
vertebrates. Ecology 78:782-798. [pdf]
- Cipollini, M. L. and D. J. Levey. Antifungal activity of
glycoalkaloids of Solanum fruits: implications for frugivory
and seed dispersal. Ecology
78:799-809.
[pdf]
1996
- Levey, D. J. and M. L. Cipollini. Is
most glucose absorbed passively in Northern Bobwhite? Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology 113A:225-231. [pdf]
- Tamboia, T., M. L. Cipollini, and D. J. Levey. An
evaluation of vertebrate seed dispersal syndromes in four species of
Black Nightshade. Oecologia
107:522-532.
[pdf]
1994
- Levey, D. J. and F. G. Stiles. Variabilidad de recursos,
hábitat, y movimientos estracionales en aves Neotropicales:
Implicaciones para la evolución de la migración a larga
distancia. Bird Conservation International 4:109-115.
- Levey, D. J. Why we should adopt a broader view of
Neotropical migrants. Auk
111:233-236.
[pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and W. H. Karasov. Gut passage of
insects by European Starlings and a comparison with other
species. Auk 111:478-482. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. Crácidos como dispersores de semillas:
que debemos saber? Crácidos
3:3-5.
[pdf]
- Levey, D.J., T.C. Moermond and J.S. Denslow.
Frugivory: An overview. Pages 282-294. In:
L. McDade, K.S. Bawa, H.A. Hespenheide and G.S. Hartshorn (eds), La
Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rainforest.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
- Levey, D.J. and F.G. Stiles. Birds: Ecology, behavior
and taxonomic affinities. Pages 217-228. In:
L. McDade, K.S. Bawa, H.A. Hespenheide and G.S. Hartshorn (eds), La
Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rainforest.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
- Stiles, F.G. and D.J. Levey. Checklist of the birds of La
Selva
and vicinity. Pages 384-393. In: L.
McDade, K.S. Bawa, H.A. Hespenheide and G.S. Hartshorn (eds), La
Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rainforest.
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
1993
- Levey, D.J. and M. Byrne. Complex ant-plant
interactions: Rain forest ants as secondary dispersers and
post-dispersal seed predators. Ecology
74:1802-1812. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. Consequences of a fruit diet. Pages
109-114. In: W. Barthollot, C. M. Naumann, K.
Schmidt-Loske, and K. L. Schuchmann. Animal-plant
interactions in Tropical Environments. Zoologisches
Forschungsinstitut, Bonn, Germany.
- Byrne, M. and D. J. Levey. Removal of seeds from
frugivore defecations by ants in a Costa Rican rain forest. Vegetatio
108:363-374
1992
- Levey, D. J. and G. E. Duke. How do frugivores process
fruit? Gastrointestinal transit and glucose absorption in Cedar
Waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum). Auk
109:722-730. [pdf]
Levey, D. J. and F. G. Stiles. Evolutionary precursors of
long-distance migration: resource availability and movement
patterns in neotropical landbirds. American Naturalist
140:447-476. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and W. H. Karasov. Digestive modulation in a
seasonal frugivore, the American Robin (Turdus migratorius).
American Journal of Physiology
262:G711-718.
[pdf]
1991
- Levey, D. J. Digestive processing of fruits and
consequences for fruit-frugivore coevolution. Proceedings
of the XX International Ornithological Congress:1624-1630.
- Cipollini, M. L. and D. J. Levey. Why some fruits are
green when they are ripe: carbon balance in fruits. Oecologia
88:371-378. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. and A. Grajal. Evolutionary implications of
fruit-processing limitations by Cedar Waxwings. American
Naturalist 138:171-189. [pdf]
1990
- Buchholz, R. and D.J. Levey. The evolutionary triad of
microbes, fruits, and seed dispersers: an experiment in fruit
choice by cedar waxwings, Bombycilla cedrorum. Oikos
59:200-204. [pdf]
- Levey, D. J. Habitat-dependent fruiting behavior of an
understory tree, Miconia centrodesma, and tropical treefall
gaps as keystone habitats for frugivores. Journal of
Tropical Ecology 6:409-420. [pdf]
- Karasov, W.H. and D. J. Levey. Digestive system tradeoffs
and adaptations of frugivorous birds. Physiological
Zoology 63:1248-1270. [pdf]
- Blake, J.G., B.A. Loiselle, T.C. Moermond, D.J. Levey and J.S.
Denslow. Quantifying abundance of fruit for birds in tropical
habitats. Studies in Avian Biology
13:73-79.
1989
- Levey, D.J. and W.H. Karasov. Digestive responses to diet
switching between fruits and insects in temperate birds. Auk
106:675-686. [pdf]
- Schupp, E.W., H.F. Howe, C.K. Augspurger and D. J. Levey.
Arrival and survival in tropical treefall gaps. Ecology
70:562-565. [pdf]
- Martinez del Rio, C., W.H. Karasov, and D.J. Levey.
Physiological basis and ecological consequences of sugar preference in
Cedar Waxwings. Auk 106:64-71. [pdf]
1988
- Levey, D.J. Spatial and temporal variation in Costa Rican
fruit and fruit-eating bird abundance. Ecological
Monographs 58:251-270. [pdf]
- Levey, D.J. Tropical wet forest treefall gaps and the
distribution of understory birds and plants. Ecology
69:1076-1089. [pdf]
- Stiles, F.G. and D.J. Levey. The Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus
exilis) in Costa Rica: Vocalizations, distribution and
interactions with White-throated Crakes (L. albigularis).
Condor 90:607-612. [pdf]
- Levey, D.J. Facultative ripening in Hamelia patens
(Rubiaceae): Effects of removal and rotting. Oecologia
74:203-208. [pdf]
1987
- Levey, D. J. Frugivorous birds as seed dispersers:
Detecting past coevolutionary interactions from present community
patterns. Proceedings III Neotropical Ornithological
Congress 29-32.
- Levey, D. J. and D. Wright. A review of annual cycles in
neotropical frugivores and their relation to fruit abundance. Proceedings
III Neotropical Ornithological Congress 37-41.
- Levey, D.J. Sugar-tasting ability and fruit selection in
tropical fruit-eating birds. Auk
104:173-179.
[pdf]
- Levey, D.J. Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of
birds. American Naturalist
129:471-485.
[pdf]
- Moermond, T.C., J.S. Denslow, D.J. Levey and E. Santana C.
The influence of context on choice behavior: fruit selection by
tropical birds, pages 229-254. In: M.L. Commons,
S.J. Shettleworth and A. Kacelnik (eds), Quantitative Analysis
of Behavior, vol. 6: Foraging. Erlbaum, Hillsdale,
NJ.
- Denslow, J.S., D.J. Levey, T.C. Moermond and B.C.
Wentworth. A synthetic diet for fruit-eating birds. Wilson
Bulletin 99:131-135. [pdf]
1986
- Levey, D.J. Methods of seed processing by birds and seed
deposition patterns, pages 147-159. In: A. Estrada
and T.H. Fleming (eds), Frugivores and Seed Dispersal.
W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands.
- Denslow, J.S., T.C. Moermond and D.J. Levey. Spatial
components of fruit display in understory trees and shrubs, pages
37-45. In: A. Estrada and T.H. Fleming (eds), Frugivores
and Seed Dispersal. W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands.
- Moermond, T.C., J.S. Denslow, D.J. Levey and E. Santana-C.
The influence of morphology on fruit choice in neotropical birds, pages
137-146. In: A. Estrada and T.H. Fleming (eds), Frugivores
and Seed Dispersal. W. Junk Publishers, The Netherlands.
1984
- Levey, D.J., T.C. Moermond and J.S. Denslow. Fruit choice
in neotropical birds: The effect of distance between fruits on
preference patterns. Ecology
67:844-850.
[pdf]
1981
- Kitchings, J.T. and D.J. Levey. Habitat patterns in a small
mammal community. Journal of Mammalogy
62(4):814-820. [pdf]
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